Run classic Mac OS apps in Windows | A similar app that runs System 7 | How to use MacOS9 | What the MacOS9 app contains | Recombine resource and data forks | Acknowledgments | Support
Under Windows, software written for the "classic" Mac OS (i.e. versions 6 through 9) can only be run through software that emulates Macintosh hardware from 1980s and 1990s. The most advanced of these emulator programs is SheepShaver. SheepShaver is now maintained by a programmer who uses the name kanjitalk755, and updates are available from an active support forum at Emaculation.com.
This page provides a fully functional SheepShaver system that runs Mac OS 9.0.4 (US English version). Unlike other SheepShaver-based systems, it makes it relatively easy to exchange files between SheepShaver and Windows, and makes it easy to print from Mac OS applications to Windows printers, or to create PDF files on the Windows desktop. The system runs under Windows 10 and 11; it may work under earlier Windows versions, but I haven't tested it under earlier versions.
To install this system, download and run the MacOS9AppInstaller. (The file is around 600MB in size; it contains a 4GB hard disk image file.) Then launch the MacOS9.exe application, either from its folder (inside your user folder) or from the desktop shortcut that the installer offers to create.
Warning: MacOS9.exe is a compiled AutoIt script, and your antivirus software will probably warn you against using it. If you don't trust my software, don't use my software. Please do not waste your extremely valuable time writing me an e-mail informing me that your anti-virus program has flagged this software, or asking whether the software is safe.
If the app displays an error message saying it cannot map the ROM, you will need to restart your Windows system and try again.
Keyboard mapping: This system (as of 7 October 2023) uses the Windows Ctrl key as the Mac Ctrl key; the Windows Alt key as the Mac Option key; and the Windows Win key as the Mac Command key. If you prefer to match the physical layout of a Mac keyboard (i.e. the Windows Win key acts as the Mac Option key and the Windows Alt key acts as the Mac Command key), then edit the SheepShaver_prefs file in the Programs folder and change the setting swap_opt_cmd from false to true.
Warning: If your user folder has a space in its name, this system probably will not work. There's nothing I can do about it. Create a new user profile that has no space in its name, and use that profile instead.
Note that you can drop a CD or other disk image on the Mac OS 9 window when it is open, and the disk image will mount as if you had inserted a CD into a drive on a real Mac. You can also use bin/cue disk images: place both the bin and the cue file in the same folder. and drop the cue file into the SheepShaver window.
Note: Massively updated 3 September 2024 with many additional applications and installers. Updated 16 November 2024 with the new Shared Folder feature.
The program comes with an uninstaller. Every file installed or used by the program is inside the program's folder. After uninstalling, any files that may be left over will be in that same folder; those files and the folder itself may be safely deleted.
For a similar system that runs Mac OS 9 under macOS, see another page.
I have created a similar system that runs Mac System 7.6.1 under BasiliskII. You may download its MacSys761Installer here. Run the installer and then launch the MacSys761.exe application, either from its folder or from a desktop shortcut that the installer offers to create.
Warning: MacSys761.exe is a compiled AutoIt script, and your antivirus software will probably warn you against using it. If you don't trust my software, don't use my software. Please do not waste your extremely valuable time writing me an e-mail informing me that your anti-virus program has flagged this software, or asking whether the software is safe.
The MacSys761 app works mostly in the same way that the MacOS9App works. You may copy files to the MacSys761 desktop by dropping them on to the MacSys761.exe icon. And you may copy files to the Windows desktop by selecting them with the Copy to Host application or dropping them in to Send to Windows folder (both on the MacSys761 desktop). Press Ctrl+Alt-Enter to toggle between windowed and full-screen mode.
Note: Updated 8 March 2024 with utilities for managing AppleDouble files. As with the Mac OS 9 app, you can drop a CD or other disk image on the BasiliskII window, and the image will mount in the system. See the paragraph about CD image files above for details on bin/cue support. Updated 16 November 2024 with the Shared Folder feature described elsewhere on this page for the MacOS9 app.
Keyboard mapping: This system (as of 7 October 2023) uses the Windows Ctrl key as the Mac Ctrl key; the Windows Alt key as the Mac Option key; and the Windows Win key as the Mac Command key. If you prefer to match the physical layout of a Mac keyboard (i.e. the Windows Win key acts as the Mac Option key and the Windows Alt key acts as the Mac Command key), then edit the BasiliskII_prefs file in the Programs folder and change the setting swap_opt_cmd from false to true.
I assume that you know something about Mac OS and don't need any advice from me. A few points are worth mentioning:
Depending on your Windows version, a Computer or This PC icon appears on the MacOS9 desktop. This icon leads to the drives on your host computer.
The Shared Folder icon on your desktop is an AppleScript application that opens a single folder on your host Windows computer, so that you need not navigate through the Computer or This PC folder tree. By default, the Shared Folder is the Documents folder in your Windows user folder, but you can select any folder on your Windows system by navigating to the Programs folder in your MacOS9 folder and creating a file named SharedFolder.txt. This file should contain a single line of text with the path to the folder that you want to use. If the path includes a space, enclose it in quotation marks. If you do not want to use the Shared Folder feature, simply delete the Shared Folder icon from your desktop. (Note: The Shared Folder is mapped to drive Z: on the host computer while SheepShaver is running; if you already have a drive Z: on the host computer, its contents will be displayed as the Shared Folder; get in touch with me if you have a drive Z: but want to use a specific folder insstead as the Shared Folder.)
The File Transfer folder on the desktop is a convenience, to remind you that files found in the Computer or This PC folder, or the Shared Folder, should be copied into that folder (or any other folder in the MacOS9 disk image) before being used. They should not be copied merely to the desktop, because they almost certainly won't work until they are actually copied into the MacOS9 virtual disk. (When you copy a file from Windows to the MacOS9 desktop, the file itself is not copied to MacOS9 disk image; that is why you must copy it to a folder inside the disk image itself.)
The MacOS9 system includes a startup script named MacOS9StartUp. This script creates the necessary file-transfer folders for printing and exchanging files, and tests whether they are correct if they already exist. Please let it run without interference.
If you are confident that the file-transfer folders are working correctly, you can move the MacOS9StartUp script from the Startup Items folder in the System Folder to the Startup Items (Disabled) folder. Then move BackgroundScript from the Scripts folder in the System Folder to the Startup Items folder; shut down the MacOS9 app and start it again. If the file-transfer folders stop working, move the BackgroundScript out of the Startup Items folder and restore the MacOS9StartUp script to the Startup Items folder. (You may also try the Swap Background Scripts script, but I can't guarantee that it will work.)
The startup script sometimes crashes, so, if you won't ever need it, simply remove it from the Startup Items folder in the System Folder and move it somewhere else. Or, if you want to disable it temporarily, click the Background Script icon on the desktop. Click the same icon to re-enable the Startup Script.
To toggle between windowed and full-screen mode: Press Ctrl+Alt+Enter.
To mount a disk image so that it is accessible in MacOS9 (for example, so that you can install software or a game), drop the disk image file on MacOS9.exe and follow the prompts. (MacOS9 must not already be running.) The disk image will be mounted during the current session, and will not be mounted the next time you run MacOS9. If you want to a second disk image to mount every time MacOS9 launches, then edit the SheepShaver_prefs file in the MacOS9\Programs folder. If you do not know what to add to the file, then study the setup guides at Emaculation.com.
Note: The disk image must have one of these file extensions: dmg, dsk, hfv, img, iso, or toast.
To transfer a file from Windows to MacOS9, drop it (in Windows) on MacOS9.exe or on the MacOS9 desktop shortcut. After a long pause, perhaps even longer than 30 seconds, a copy of the file should appear on the desktop of the MacOS9 disk. The original file remains in your Windows system.
To transfer a file to Windows from MacOS9, drop it on the "Send to Windows" applet on the MacOS9 desktop. The file should be copied almost immediately to the Windows desktop. Or you may double-click on the "Sent to Windows" applet and select a file to send to the Windows desktop.
To print from MacOS9 to your default Windows printer, simply use the File/Print menu in your MacOS9 application, and print with the default desktop printer, "Print to Windows." After a pause, the document should print to your default Windows printer.
To print from MacOS9 and select a Windows printer for the current print job, use the File/Print menu in your MacOS9 application, choose the desktop printer named "Select Windows Printer", and print. After a pause, a popup list of Windows printers should appear; choose the one you want.
To create a PDF file in Windows when printing from MacOS9, use the File/Print menu in your MacOS9 application, choose the desktop printer named "PDF to Windows Desktop", and print. The resulting PDF file on the Windows desktop will have an arbitrary name based on the current date and time.
To create a PDF file on the OS 9 desktop, use the File/Print menu in your MacOS9 application, choose the desktop printer named "PDF to OS9 Desktop", and print. You will be prompted to enter a filename for the resulting PDF; an arbitrary filename will be offered based on the current date and time, but you can type over it to change it.
To print "raw" PostScript data from MacOS9 to a PostScript-compatible Windows default printer, follow the printing instructions above, but choose the desktop printer named "Raw PS to Win PS Printer." The raw PostScript data will be sent to your Windows default printer; if that printer is not PostScript-compatible, you may waste a lot of paper, so be careful with this option.
If SheepShaver locks up: While the MacOS9 app is running, a small Mac-like icon appears in your Windows system tray. You may click on this to open a menu that includes "Force Quit." You may click on this to shut down SheepShaver forcibly; you will be asked to confirm that you intend to do this. (SheepShaver is notably unstable, and liable to crash without warning, so this feature may be useful.)
You may use the supplied SheepShaverGUI app (in the Programs folder inside the MacOS9 folder) to modify the system, but the file transfer and printing features will only work if you launch the MacOS9 app from the MacOS9 desktop icon or the MacOS9.exe program inside the MacOS9 folder! If you launch SheepShaver from the SheepShaverGUI, you may get error messages about the file transfer system; if this occurs, shut down SheepShaver and relaunch the MacOS9 icon or MacOS9.exe program.
Troubleshooting: If the SheepShaverGUI app produces an error message when you first run it, double-click on GTKLocalInstaller.exe in the same folder. You will not see any feeback from the GTKLocalInstaller.exe program, but the SheepShaverGUI should now run. (Or you may need to logout and login again.)
To transfer files from a real Mac to SheepShaver, follow the instructions in this post on emaculation.com.
To add additional disk space to MacOS9: This system includes a 4GB disk image. If you need additional disk space, then visit this page at Macintosh Garden and download one of the provided disk images (I recommend the third download, with a 10GB disk image). Then follow these steps:
"Cannot map second Kernel Data" error: If, on your system, SheepShaver starts up with the error message "Cannot map second Kernel Data area: 487", then go to the Programs folder inside the MacOS9 folder, rename SheepShaver.exe to SheepShaver-old.exe and rename SheepShaver-noJIT.exe to SheepShaver.exe. This alternate version will probably be slower, but should at least run. (This error message occurs unpredictably on some systems but not on others.)
A better "This PC" icon: If the "This PC" on your desktop is a generic disk icon, you can replace it with the "This PC" icon from Windows 11. In the Utilites folder, find the ThisPCIcon Folder, use Get Info to view and copy the icon of one of the files inside the folder; then use Get Info on your This PC desktop folder and paste the icon into the Get Info field.
Further details may be available later if you ask for them.
The MacOS9 application contains a standard US-English Mac OS 9 installation, without features that can't be used in this system such as FireWire. It also includes a large number of standard Mac OS applications, plus some Control Panels, Extensions, Scripting Additions, and a gray desktop image that you can easily change if you prefer.
The file transfer system uses two AppleScripts: either the MacOS9StartUp script or the BackgroundScript script described above. The MacOS9AppData folder uses an OS9Action folder action script found in the Scripts:Folder Action Scripts folder.
In the MacOS9 disk image, the Transfer folder alias and From Windows folder are required by the file-transfer system, as are the MacOS9AppData folder and the WinPath.txt file found in the System Folder.
The Transfer folder is an alias of the Windows folder named Transfer (inside the MacOS9 folder, typically in your user folder). In contrast, the File Transfer folder on the MacOS9 desktop is a mere convenience for use when copying files from the Computer or This PC folder.
The Shared Folder icon (as described above) is an AppleScript that opens one folder on your Windows system. See the description above for details.
In both the MacOS9 app and the MacSys761 app, the Utilities folder contains an AppleScript named DecodeAppleDouble which may be used to recombine the data fork and resource fork of Mac OS files that have been copied to a non-Mac system and then copied back into SheepShaver.
This system is built on software provided by many people who are more expert than I am. The AppleScripts used in this application could not have been written without the help of many experts at Macscripter.net, and the AutoIt script that provides the launcher application could not have been written without the help of many experts in the forum at AutoItScript.com.
Because part of this system is written in the AutoIt scripting language, some anti-virus programs will flag it as malware. Absolutely do not waste your extremely valuable time alerting me to this; do not waste your extremely valuable time writing me an e-mail asking if the software is safe. Do not take my word for it that this is all the result of a false positive. Upload the software to a site like VirusTotal.com for testing. If you do not trust my software, do not use my software.
Please do not ask me to help you customize the "classic" Mac OS or advise you about any applications. Please ask for support in the E-Maculation support forum for SheepShaver. If you want to get in touch with me about the AppleScript and AutoIt used in this system, then please visit this page.
Edward Mendelson (edward [dot] mendelson [at] columbia [dot] edu)